The samples bottles were usually checked during each duty day for the presence of reddishbrown fumes which indicated that the end of the propellants stable life was near and could, in fact, be approaching a state of autoignition. Manufacture of double base propellant grains download pdf info publication number us2946673a. Double base propellants composed of nitrocellulose nc. Nitroglycerin reduces smoke and increases the energy output. Pdf a model has been developed to describe the combustion of double base propellants with a primary objective to develop a better. Nitrocellulosebased propellants island pyrochemical. An area of propellant manufacturing is the extruded solventless double base rocket propellants. The combustion of double base propellants produces no visible smoke, which is useful for certain military applications 1. Us2946673a manufacture of doublebase propellant grains. Adding small quantities of lead compounds to double base rocket propellants results in increased burning rate at. Over the years several compositions have been developed and we have now passed 1400 serial production recipes. This is particularly true if the propellant contains a platonising agent, the purpose of which is to make the.
Propellant chemicals consist of a main fuel and oxidizer component, plus additives including plasticizers, stabilizers, burnrate modifiers and binders. The percentage of ng should not exceed beyond 50% in the propellant composition. Table 1 shows key missiles and rocket boosters studied. Many of the more modern compositions do not obey this law. Multiple or triple base propellants incorporate a crystalline explosive such as nitroguanidine in the double base formulation. Thermal decomposition studies of catalysed double base. The double base propellants are more energetic than single base propellants. Solid propellant com bustion mechanisms and flame structure m. Us8828161b1 ballistic modification and solventless. Double base propellant uses nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, while triple base uses the double base.
Model for doublebase propellant combustion aiaa arc. Beckstead brigham young university, provo, utah abstract ap and hmx are the two oxidizers used most often in modern solid propellants, either composite propellants or composite modified double base propellants. At the beginning of the year i got a tikka t3x tac a1 6. One of the main approaches for the development of mdb propellant is the. Mil48357anot propellant, double base sheet, m36document status.
The ageing of double base rocket propellants db rocket propellants, which is a consequence of chemical reactions and physical processes that take place over time, has significant effect on their. Combustion mechanism of double base propellant containing nitrogen heterocyclic nitroamines ii. Double base propellant smx nitrate ester nitrocellulose nitroglycerin. Information categories administration advancement aerographer automotive aviation construction diving draftsman engineering electronics food and cooking logistics math medical music nuclear fundamentals photography religion. Documents sold on the ansi standards store are in electronic adobe acrobat pdf format, however some iso and iec standards are available from amazon in. Pdf combustion characteristics of extruded double base. Testing of m7 propellant at different temperatures in. A single based propellant has nitrocellulose as its chief explosives ingredient. Analysis of double base propellant influence on detonation process of ammonals 151 results were connected with low detonation velocity of propellant p3 in the form of cut cylinders that are statistically arranged in the explosive 1580 ms. Pdf artificial ageing of double base rocket propellant. Considering the results obtained from a semiquantitative angle, the heat balance.
M7, a double base propellant, is used in m72law light antiarmour weapon and all its versions. Pdf a double base propellant is a polymer which is used as an energetic material to propel rockets. Information and documents presented here are works of the u. Propellants in which the binder consists of an energetic polymer plasticized with a nitric ester, particularly nitrocellulose plasticized with nitroglycerine, are commonly called double base propellants. Dynamic mechanical properties of artificially aged double. Sonb 1 introduction double base propellants composed of nitrocellulose nc and nitroglycerin ng have been used in rocket and gun applications since the late 1800s 1. Makes me think solo is a single base shotgun powder. Double base powders safety data sheet march 2015 the following smokeless powders are distributed by imr legendary powders. The doublebase propellant grains are gels containing at least two main ingredients. Formulation and characterization of a new nitroglycerinfree. Advances in computers are making it possible to simulate a. Stabilizers and other additives are used to control the chemical stability and enhance the propellants properties.
Cost effective large diameter rockets using extruded propellant rocket motors joe bellotte, senior rocket development engineer. Compositemodified double base rocket propellants generally contain an inorganic crystalline oxidizer such as ammonium perchlorate ap, nh4c104 and a metallic fuel, e. Rate constants were higher and energy of activation was lower for catalysed propellants than those for the control propellant. Pdf characterisation of mechanical and thermal properties of. They are, nevertheless, ranked as composite propellants insofar as the solids content ratio is such that the bonding phenomena between the binder and the solids.
Material ramshot double base smokeless powders revision date. The molecules are unstable, and upon ignition break apart and rearrange themselves, liberating large quantities of heat. Double based propellants consist of nitrocellulose with nitroglycerin or other liquid organic nitrate explosives added. Doublebase propellants made by the extrusion or powder casting techniques are used in antitank rockets or missiles and in some tactical missiles. Solid propellant com bustion mechanisms and flame structure. Material safety data sheet material ramshot double base smokeless powders msds no. Analysis of safety and performance status of double base propellants by heat flow calorimetry 5a. Cost effective large diameter rockets using extruded. Lengelle et al, combustion of solid propellants rtoen023 2002.
Vicilles law is obeyed well by the older types of single and double base propellants. Pdf a model for double base propellant combustion researchgate. Material accurate doublebase smokeless powders revision date. Must be stored in original dot approved containers or shipping container.
Increased impulse of solventless extruded double base. Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower. Single base propellant uses only nitrocellulose as the primary energetic. Combustion characteristics of extruded double base propellant based on ammonium perchloratealuminum binary mixture. Triple base propellants frequently appear in artillery applications with the addition of nitroguanidide ch 4 n 4 o 2, though this is uncommon in rocket propellants. Characterisation of mechanical and thermal properties of double. Milp48357a1 not 1 propellant, doublebase sheet, m36.
Double base propellant powder nap 15e358 section 11 physical chemical data physical state and appearance. These cold propellant mixtures have reduced flash and flame temperature without sacrificing chamber pressure compared to single and double base propellants, albeit at the cost of more smoke. Im looking at a can of solo which has single base smokeless propellant and a picture of a shotgun shell under those words. Material ramshot doublebase smokeless powders revision date. Double base propellant consists of solid nitrocellulose gelatinized with a liquid energetic nitrate ester, usually nitroglycerin 2. Crosslinked double base propellants chapter 11 have some of the characteristics of the double base propellants. The double base composition of bullseye was suspect. In this study, a temperatureconditioned closedbomb facility was employed to determine the temperature sensitivity of granular m48 double base propellant, as part of a larger study on the effect. Investigation of flameless combustion mechanism of m2. Nominally two types of solid propellant composite propellant plasticised polymeric binder filled with a crystalline filler such as ammonium perchlorate use addition type curing such as isocyanatehydroxyl reaction to form polyurethanes have reactive isocyanate available double base propellant.
Double base db propellants combine nc and nitroglycerin ng, c 3 h 5 n 3 o 9 for added energy. Analysis of double base propellant influence on detonation. The technologies for making liquid propellants are generally well known, although various companies may have proprietary procedures for maximizing. Such propellants offer several benefits over their more modern composite coun. This chapter discusses double base propellants, their composition and raw materials, the manufacturing process, and their safety characteristics.
A double base propellant modifier uses a leadtin component with a defined amount of lead and a copper component with a defined surface area to effect superrate burning of double base propellants with defined plateau and mesa burning rate characteristics. Double based propellants are used in small arms, cannons, mortars and rockets. Much attention has been directed toward the development of modified double base mdb propellant as it can offer high specific impulse as well as wide range of burning rate. Wpi a21 material accurate doublebase smokeless powders revision date. The first, the so called double base propellant, consists of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, plus additives in small quantity. Although the two oxidizers have very similar combustion. I investigation of flameless combustion mechanism of m2 double base propellant by cecil eugene kirby langley research center summary an experimental study of the heat reaction for flameless combustion m2 double base propellant 20 percent. Double base propellants an overview sciencedirect topics. Propellant geometry type descriptions smokeless propellant has three basic chemistry types. A double base propellant is a polymer which is used as an energetic material to propel rockets. In norway it was produced by dyno nobel asa gullaug plant until the plant was closed down some years ago. Presently im reloading hornady brass and the hornady 140 gr eld over both rel 17 and vihta vuori n160. M7 propellant is an old propellant composition that has been produced by different manufacturers all over the world for decades. Thanks to alfred nobels work in nitroglycerine it all started with double base formulations.
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